Apparatus and methods for studying plant growth substrates.

专利摘要:
The device (1) for in situ determination of a plant nutrient content of a hydrous growth substrate (2) for plants comprises: an accumulation body (10) for receiving water of the growth substrate; and one or more probes (20) disposed within the accumulation body (10) for determining a property of the water received in the accumulation body (10). The property relates to a plant nutrient content of the water received in the accumulation body (10). Furthermore, corresponding methods and uses are described. The property may in particular be a plant nutrient content of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10).
公开号:CH713927A2
申请号:CH01115/17
申请日:2017-09-07
公开日:2018-12-28
发明作者:Schmidt Walter
申请人:Plantcare Ag；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

Description: The invention relates to the field of investigation, in particular the in-situ investigation, of a hydrous substance mixture, in particular to the in situ investigation of the fertilizer content of growth substrates such as naturally grown soils. It relates to devices, methods and uses according to the preamble of the independent claims.
An embodiment of the invention may be used for examination, in particular for in situ testing, of growth substrates for plants, ie, for example, naturally grown soils and / or other substrates used in agriculture, such as e.g. Nutrient solutions, be set up.
Agriculturally used soils or soils consist of a large number of different components. In addition to inorganic substances, such as stones of various sizes, to clay, organic components such as rotting plant parts, roots, soil organisms as well as pores, which are filled with water or air, are still present. Physical or chemical measurements in such a heterogeneous conglomerate with different large proportions of the components are practically difficult.
Agricultural crops need for growth in addition to water, light and CO2 also nutrients such as potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and trace elements such as manganese, copper, zinc, etc. The quantitative determination of such substances is possible by a chemical analysis in which Soil samples are analyzed according to common methods.
In practice, however, this is not yet possible on site and even less in situ, since each farmer would have to operate his own chemical laboratory. It is therefore customary to send samples to a specialized laboratory at certain intervals and have the analysis carried out there. It is possible to analyze plant parts such as leaves chemically and determine the fertilizer requirements of the plant, which requires complex analyzers, trained personnel and time.
Another agricultural problem area is in the field of soil salinity measurement. In arid areas, saline water is often used to irrigate agricultural crops. As the water evaporates superficially, the salt accumulates in the soil, which can have very negative effects on the crops. To alleviate this problem, the salt is washed out from time to time by a high water content, so that the salt gets into deeper soil layers and / or is transported away via drainages. In these cases, the possibility of in situ measurement of ion concentration would be very helpful to determine the optimal time of leaching or to automatically start leaching once a critical concentration is reached.
Another problem, especially in outdoor crops, is the soil contamination with pesticides.
US 2004/0145 379 A1 discloses an apparatus and a method for measuring the water content and the salinity (ion content) of soils. These measurements take place capacitively within a preformed moisture migration medium, where radio frequency signals are applied to the moisture migration medium to determine the complex dielectric constant of the moisture migration medium. The complex dielectric constant is used to deduce the water content and the matrix potential as well as the salinity of the soil surrounding the moisture migration medium and exchanging moisture with it. The moisture migration medium comprises, for example, silica-containing soil or fine sand or glass beads. By means of an integrated temperature sensor can be additionally closed on the floor temperature.
In WO 2009/157 755 A2 a soil sensor for the detection and analysis of nutrients such as nitrates and phosphates is described. The sensor has a sensor module which has an ion-selective electrode or an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor and is to be used in field. The sensor has a protective perforated metal housing within which a conductive hydrogel is disposed, with a microporous polymer layer disposed between the metal housing and hydrogel. Within the hydrogel, the sensor module (electrode or transistor) is arranged. The polymer layer, which is preferably cellulose-based, should, like the metal housing, protect the sensor module from damage by solids. The hydrogel should allow ion transport from the polymer layer to the sensor module and also protect the sensor module from solids. The sensor may additionally include temperature and humidity sensors for compensation or error correction.
It is an object of the invention to provide devices and methods of the type mentioned, which are improved over the prior art.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a way to determine in-situ important properties of plant growth substrates, especially naturally grown soils.
Another object of the invention is to enable at least partial automation of care steps in agricultural crops, e.g. a (partially) automated dosing of fertilizer.
At least one of these objects is at least partially solved by devices, methods and uses according to the claims.
In a first aspect, the invention is based on the idea to investigate a hydrous substance mixture in situ by collecting water present in the water-containing substance mixture by means of an accumulation body and within the accumulation body a property of the accumulated in the accumulation body water is determined.
A device for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture may in particular comprise: an accumulation body for receiving water of the substance mixture; and one or more sensors disposed within the accumulation body for determining a property of the water received in the accumulation body.
By means of the device, the water-containing mixture can be examined without samples of the aqueous mixture of substances must be removed, which would then be examined elsewhere. The in-situ examination allows results of the examination, such as measured values determined by the sensors, to be displayed and / or transmitted essentially without corresponding time delays and thus often even immediately after the examination has been carried out, as a result of which the result is promptly reacted can.
The absorbed water may be an aqueous solution in which substances of the water-containing substance mixture are dissolved.
The property determined by means of the at least one sensor can relate, for example, to ions dissolved in the water, for example their general concentration, their type, and / or one or more individual concentrations of certain ions.
By determining properties of the absorbed water, such as, for example, its chemical composition, it is possible to deduce properties of the water-containing substance mixture.
In some embodiments, properties of the ingested water are determined directly on the water itself. The water taken up in the accumulation body can be examined in the same way, that is, while it is in the accumulation body. In particular, ingredients of the water may be assayed, for example detected, while in the water. This, for example, in contrast to the sensors of the above-mentioned document WO 2009/157755 A2, in which ions must first emerge from the water to get into the hydrogel, which they must walk through, in order finally to get to the sensor module, where can then be detected. The direct examination of the water or the ingredients while they are present in the water, various sources of error are excluded. For example, it is prevented that a composition of the water is determined which is distorted by the fact that various ingredients (in particular different ions) migrate noticeably differently slowly through the hydrogel. In fact, with time-varying water compositions, compositions would be determined that may never have been present in the water. And relatively fast determination of the properties of the water is possible, whereas the relatively small diffusion constant for (most) ions in hydrogel (relative to diffusion constants in water) leads to delays in the detection of ingredients, so that measurement results are not very topical and accordingly controls / Automations on the basis of the properties thus determined are problematic.
Another possible effect of the accumulation body may be that it gives the at least one sensor mechanical protection, in particular protection against force, such as protection from forces acting on the device when introducing the device into the mixture, or against forces which may otherwise act on the composition from the composition, for example due to soil drying or erosion. For example, the accumulation body can be dimensionally stable, for example also be formed spherical. All this in contrast to the microporous polymer layer from the above-mentioned document WO 2009/157755 A2, which is just one layer and thus can not provide such a mechanical protection, which is also the reason that in WO 2009/157755 A2 a protective metal housing is provided.
While in the mentioned WO 2009/157 755 A2 water from the environment of the soil sensor is only passed through the microporous polymer layer, but is not examined there, the accumulation body described here can absorb and store the water to be investigated. And the stored water can, depending on the embodiment, then also in place, so while it lingers in the accumulation body, are examined.
The accumulation body can be in direct contact with the substance mixture. In particular, there may be a dynamic equilibrium of the water exchange between the accumulation body and the substance mixture.
Another possible effect of the accumulation body may be that it can cause a homogenization of the water absorbed in it. As a result, temporal and / or spatial averaging of the properties of the absorbed water can be achieved. For example, if the accumulation body is in contact with the substance mixture at multiple locations and the composition of the substance mixture (especially the water contained therein) is different in the respective areas of the various sites, the accumulated water in the accumulation body due to diffusion processes in the accumulated water can average have (spatially measured) properties, so that by means of the probe appropriately averaged or average properties can be determined.
The device can be used, for example, in an agricultural context to study a growth substrate for plants. For example, the nutrient content in the growth substrate can be examined by embedding the device, for example at the level of the roots, in the growth substrate. Thereby, by means of the device, the nutrient content of the water can be measured in situ exactly where the plants absorb the nutrients.
The device can be set up for in-situ examination of a concentration of plant nutrients, in particular a concentration of plant nutrient ions, in a growth substrate. Plant nutrients are substances that plants need for their growth. N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Na, and CI are among the most important chemical nutrient elements that plants (besides C, O, and H) need for their growth in higher plants Co and Ni. Nutrient elements containing compounds may be added to the growth substrate as a fertilizer, e.g. be added in the form of salts and / or organometallic compounds. In the water of a nutrient substrate, the nutrient elements - e.g. N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Na, Cl, Co, Ni - or these compounds are usually dissolved as ions. Ions of nutrient elements or compounds containing nutrient elements are also called nutrient ions. Important nutrient ions are, for example, H2PO4_, HPO42_, NH4 +, PO43-, nitrates (e.g., NO3 "), nitrites, K +, sulfates (such as SO42-), Na +, CF. Knowing the concentration of nutrients relevant for crop production in a growth substrate helps the user determine when and / or which fertilizer should be added to the growth substrate.
The device may also be adapted for in-situ examination of a concentration of crop protection agents, in particular a concentration of components of pesticides dissolved in water or, in particular, pesticide active ingredients, for example pesticide active ingredients, in a growth substrate. This may relate in particular to artificial and / or chemical pesticides. Plant protection products are, in particular, those active substances which protect crops and their products from harmful organisms or prevent the action of harmful organisms (for example insecticides or other pesticides) or active substances which destroy unwanted plants or plant parts or inhibit undesired growth of plants or growth of undesired plants or plants Prevent plant parts (for example herbicides). The crop protection agents include in particular bactericides, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides and virucides. From a chemical point of view, crop protection agents can have very different structures, for example they can be neonicotinoids, carbamates, pyrethroids or phosphoric esters, to name just a few examples.
The device can be used in solid growth substrates such as grown soils, but also in predominantly liquid growth substrates, such as those often used in hothouse crops (Hors-Sol production).
Another possible application of the presented device is environmental protection. For example, the device may be configured to monitor the concentration of problematic substances such as poisons or other pollutants in a soil, and thus to encourage the timely adoption of appropriate countermeasures upon reaching a limit concentration. Possible application examples relate to overfertilisation with nitrates, hyperacidity, too high a content of pesticides and / or exposure to heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium and / or mercury, for example in the vicinity of industrial plants.
The accumulation body may be hygroscopic.
The accumulation body may be adapted to bind liquid, in particular water, from an environment adjacent to the accumulation body.
The accumulation body may have a suction body for sucking liquid.
For example, the accumulation body may be formed as a suction body for sucking liquid.
The accumulation body may be arranged to attract liquid from an environment of the accumulation body and to be in dynamic equilibrium with respect to the fluid exchange with this environment.
The accumulation body may have a capillary system. In particular, the capillary system may be suitable for sucking and / or binding liquid from an environment of the accumulation body.
The accumulation body may be adapted to receive and / or store water.
The accumulation body may comprise a hygroscopic material.
The accumulation body may consist of more than 50 weight percent of a hygroscopic material. The accumulation body may in particular consist of more than 90 percent by weight of a hygroscopic material. In particular, the accumulation body can consist entirely of a hygroscopic material.
An example of a hygroscopic material is felt.
An example of a hygroscopic material is gauze.
An example of a hygroscopic material is nonwoven.
An example of a hygroscopic material is knitted fabric.
An example of a hygroscopic material is tissue.
The hygroscopic material may contain fibers. The hygroscopic material may for example consist of fibers.
In some embodiments, the accumulation body (or at least the hygroscopic material) is porous due to its fiberiness.
In some embodiments, the accumulation body (or at least the hygroscopic material) is hygroscopic due to its fiberiness.
The fibers may for example be synthetic fibers, in particular synthetic polymer fibers; for example polyamide fibers.
For example, water can be attracted by capillary action from the mixture of an accumulation body of a fibrous material adjacent to a water-containing substance mixture.
By appropriate design of the accumulation body (hygroscopic and / or capillary acting and / or fiber-based, etc., as described), it may be sufficient if it is only selectively or only a few and possibly small places in contact with the mixture , Nevertheless, moisture may then settle in the accumulation body corresponding to the moisture present in the substance mixture, and the composition of the water received in the accumulation body may correspond to the composition of the water present in the growth substrate.
The accumulation body may be designed so that it does not substantially change the chemical properties of the water received in it.
The accumulation body may be chemically inert.
The accumulation body may be formed so that it does not react chemically with water substantially.
The accumulation body may be configured to be substantially non-chemically reactive with the ingested water (including its non-aqueous constituents).
The accumulation body may be intertile, in particular chemically inert. And this may be the case in particular with regard to the hydrous substance mixture. Synthetic fibers, such as polyamide fibers, but also other synthetic polymer fibers, may exhibit this property. This in contrast to many natural fibers such as cellulose. Cellulosic fibers tend to be decomposed within a relatively short time (a few weeks or a few months) of microbes such as occur in most naturally grown soils. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the accumulation body is free of natural fibers or at least free of cellulose.
A contribution to the long-term stability of the device or, more precisely, of the accumulation body can also be afforded by embodiments in which the device has a biocide body. The biocide body may in particular be arranged close to the accumulation body, for example it may be in mechanical contact with the accumulation body and / or surround the accumulation body. The biocide body contains a biocide. It can even consist of the biocide. The biocide may be, for example, copper. By biocide, for example, a rooting of the accumulation body can be prevented. The biocide body may be, for example, a copper body.
In some embodiments, the device has a copper body, in particular for the protection of the accumulation body from rooting. The copper body may surround the accumulation body, for example, by the copper body having a copper ring disposed around the accumulation body.
The accumulation body may, for example, comprise material which is essentially electrically nonconductive, in particular it may consist of such a material.
As a result, it may be possible for the accumulation body not to substantially influence measurements of electrical conductivity.
The accumulation body may be adapted to be able to stand in dynamic fluid exchange equilibrium with a water-containing substance mixture surrounding it and adjacent to it. As a result, it may be possible for the water contained in the accumulation body to be similar or even identical in its chemical composition to the water of the water-containing substance mixture.
The accumulation body may have an outer portion and an inner portion, for example, wherein the outer portion surrounds the inner portion.
The outer region may be adapted to be brought into contact with the aqueous mixture of substances.
The outer region may have different material properties than the inner region.
In some embodiments, the inner and outer regions have the same material properties. For example, the accumulation body can be homogeneous. It can thus be a piece of a single material, for example a piece of a (homogeneous) felt. This can simplify the production of the accumulation body.
For example, the outer region may have a different material density than the inner region.
The outer area may be configured to filter ingress of water. The outer region may in particular have a filter characteristic for filtering ingress of water.
If, for example, the outer region has a greater material density and / or a smaller pore size than the inner region, it is possible that the outer region has a particularly good filtering effect, while in the inner region an influence of the accumulation body on measurements taking place therein is particularly small, because there the volume ratio of the material of the accumulation body to the absorbed water is lower.
The accumulation body may be configured to filter water entering the accumulation body before it comes in contact with at least one of the one or more probes.
The device may be designed such that water in order to penetrate (from the outside or from the mixture of substances) into the inner region must first penetrate through the outer region.
By filtering, suspended particles as well as other solid impurities can be filtered out of the penetrating water. The filtering out of suspended parts can have a positive influence on the measurements that are carried out by means of the at least one sensor. On the one hand, a greater accuracy of measurement can be achieved. On the other hand, however, a greater long-term stability of the measurement results can be achieved or a longer life of the at least one sensor can be achieved.
The accumulation body may have a fine-pored material. Fine-pored materials can be particularly well suited for filtering.
The accumulation body may be relatively small. For example, it may have a volume of less than 5 cm 3, in particular less than 2 cm 3, in particular less than 2 cm 3 or even less than 0.5 cm 3.
Also, a suction body of the accumulation body may be relatively small. For example, it may have a volume of less than 5 cm 3, in particular less than 2 cm 3, in particular less than 2 cm 3, in particular less than 0.5 cm 3.
Due to the small volumes, a relatively rapid mass transfer may be possible, so that changes in the properties of the water in the environment can be reflected relatively quickly, ie with a small time delay, in corresponding changes in the properties of the water in the accumulation body. If, for example, an ion concentration changes in the substance mixture to be examined, it can soon be detectable by correspondingly changed measured values of the at least one measuring probe.
In one embodiment, the at least one probe is in direct (mechanical) contact with the accumulation body. In particular, the at least one sensor may be embedded in the accumulation body. For example, the probe may also be in direct contact with the water received in the accumulation body. For example, the probe, embedded in the accumulation body, may be in direct contact with the water and fibers of the accumulation body, the at least one probe, for example, having a felt of said fibers, which is in direct (mechanical) contact with the accumulation body ,
In one embodiment, a contact area between the at least one sensor and the accumulation body is constant over time. This may make it possible to obtain relatively accurate measurements in a relatively simple manner, even over long periods of time. For example, it may be sufficient to perform initial calibration measurements without the need for periodic replenishment.
At least two sensors may be arranged in the accumulation body.
In one embodiment, at least three sensors are arranged in the accumulation body.
In one embodiment, at least four sensors are arranged in the accumulation body.
The device may be configured to be able to determine a plurality of properties of the water received in the accumulation body. The combination of different measured values can contribute to a more accurate evaluation, for example by using one measured value to compensate for another value. For example, the electrical conductivity of a liquid is dependent on the ion concentration as well as the temperature. The temperature can therefore be used as a correction variable for the determination of the ion concentration from a measurement of the electrical conductivity of the liquid.
To determine an ion concentration, the device may, for example, have a first measuring sensor for determining an electrical conductivity, which has, for example, a pair of electrodes, and a second measuring sensor for determining a temperature, which may include, for example, a NTC (negative temperature coefficient) and / or has a PTC (positive temperature coefficient) resistance.
The device may comprise at least two sensors arranged in the accumulation body, of which a first sensor is adapted to detect a correction variable which is suitable for correcting a variable detected by a second sensor, e.g. to normalize.
An example of a correction quantity is the temperature of the water taken up in the accumulation body. The first sensor may have, for example, an NTC resistor and / or a PTC resistor.
Another example of a correction quantity is the mass of the water contained in the accumulation body and / or the water content of the substance mixture (these may be related by a dynamic water exchange equilibrium). For example, the first sensor may comprise a heat-pulse sensor which is capable of measuring, by measuring the decay time of a heat pulse (or a corresponding temperature rise time), a mass of the water taken up in the accumulation body and / or the water content of the mixture determine.
At least one of the probes may be configured to determine at least one of a temperature of the water received in the accumulation body different property.
The device may be configured to examine at least one of a water content of the substance different size.
One of the probes may be arranged to measure a physical and / or chemical property of the water taken up in the accumulation body.
WO 2006/081 693 A1 discloses a water content sensor for determining the water content in soil and an interface arranged between the water content sensor and the earth. The water content sensor described is based on a so-called heat-pulse sensor, which can be closed by means of the decay curve of a heat excitation on the water content of surrounding soil. The disclosed interface should consist of an absorbent, mechanically easily deformable material with the lowest possible thermal conductivity, which influences the heat measurement and thus the determination of the water content as little as possible. A standardized interface for improving the interaction between soil moisture sensor and soil is also known from WO 2006/131 008 A1. The mechanical deformable interface described therein is intended to compensate for differences in surface morphology between a water content sensor and the surrounding earth and thus contribute to improving the accuracy of the water content sensor. A water content sensor with interface according to one of the two publications can be combined with one of the devices according to the invention, the water content measured by the known water content sensors being used as correction or normalization parameter for measurement results of the devices according to the invention, e.g. the nutrient content of a soil, can be used.
Back to the present invention.
One of the sensors can be used to measure - an ion concentration; - a summary ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; - a mineral concentration, in particular a mineral ion concentration; - a fertilizer concentration; - a plant protection product concentration, in particular a plant protection product concentration; a concentration of water soluble plant protection ingredients, especially plant protection ingredients; a concentration of organometallic compounds; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular for crop production, comprising at least one of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn , Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42", PO43 ", NH4 +, nitrate ions (e.g., NO3"), nitrites, K +, sulfate ions (e.g., SO42 "), Na +, CF .; a trace element concentration such as Cr, Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Zn or their ions; a salt concentration, such as NaCl, CaCl 2, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 or their ionic constituents (such as Na +, Cl ", etc.); a heavy metal concentration, e.g. of Pb, Cd, Pu or their ions; - an electrical conductivity; and / or - a pH of the water absorbed in the accumulation body.
One of the probes may be arranged to measure an electrical conductivity of the water received in the accumulation body. From the electrical conductivity, it is possible, for example, to conclude properties of the ion concentration of the water absorbed in the accumulation body.
One of the probes may comprise an electrode.
For example, one of the probes may have a pair of electrodes and / or two probes may each have one electrode of a pair of electrodes. For example, an electrode pair may be adapted to determine an electrical conductivity of the water received in the accumulation body.
The electrodes or electrode pairs can be, for example, graphite electrodes or graphite electrode pairs. A pair of electrodes designed to determine an electrical conductivity can be arranged within the accumulation body such that the electrical conductivity of the water received within the accumulation body can be determined independently of the electrical conductivity of the accumulation body. In particular, by a sufficient temporal constancy of the arrangement of the electrode pair relative to the accumulation body, a otherwise occurring systematic measurement error, which results from the conductivity of the accumulation body, be compensated by a calibration.
The accumulation body may have a recess and at least one of the one or more probes may be arranged in the recess.
For example, a pair of electrodes may be disposed in the recess and configured to determine the electrical conductivity of the water received within the accumulation body, regardless of the electrical conductivity of the accumulation body.
By means of the measuring sensor for determining an electrical conductivity, the electrical conductivity can be measured, for example, by konduometrometry. For example, an electric voltage or an electric current may be applied between two electrodes, and the resulting electric current or voltage is determined. A value for the electrical conductivity can then be obtained by quotient formation. The voltages or currents used for this purpose can be alternating voltages or alternating currents, for example between 1 Hz and 100 kHz, in particular between 1 kHz and 50 kHz.
However, the determination of the electrical conductivity can also be determined by means of other methods, for example by means of FDR (time-domain reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometry) or by means of TDR (time-domain reflectometry, time-domain reflectometry). For example, the sensor has two electrodes which are supplied with a high-frequency signal, for example within a frequency range between 10 MHz and 500 MHz. A waveform of a reflected signal is then evaluated.
One of the sensors may be arranged to measure a pH of the water taken up in the accumulation body. The pH can be measured, for example, by potentiometry and / or by ion-sensitive field-effect transistors.
One of the sensors may be designed as an ion-sensitive sensor.
Ion-sensitive field effect transistors (ISFETs) are today commercially available products.
The ion-sensitive measuring sensor can be designed, for example, as an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor. This applies in particular to the ion-sensitive probes listed below.
An ion-sensitive probe may, for example, be designed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring nitrogen-containing ions, for example for measuring concentrations of NH4 +, nitrates and / or nitrites.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe can be designed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring potassium-containing ions, for example for measuring concentrations of K +.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe can be designed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring ions containing phosphorus, for example for measuring concentrations of H2PO4 "HPO42_ and / or PO43-.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe may be formed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring sulfate-containing ions, for example for measuring concentrations of SO42.
An ion-sensitive probe may be formed, for example, as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring manganese-containing ions.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe may be formed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring copper-containing ions.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe may be formed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring zinc-containing ions.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe may be formed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring sodium-containing ions.
For example, an ion-sensitive probe may be formed as an ion-sensitive probe for measuring chloride-containing ions.
One of the measuring sensors may comprise an optical sensor, that is to say a sensor which measures by means of electromagnetic radiation. For example, the sensor can emit electromagnetic radiation, which then interacts with the water to be examined (in particular with the ions contained therein), and the sensor then detects these and / or an optionally newly formed electromagnetic radiation.
For example, the water can be examined spectroscopically by means of one of the sensors, for example by absorption spectroscopy and / or by emission spectroscopy and / or by fluorescence spectroscopy and / or by Raman spectroscopy.
The sensor may be adapted for measurement by means of electromagnetic radiation ranging from infrared to ultraviolet. For example, the sensor may be configured to measure in the visible range, that is to say in the range of approximately 380 nm to 780 nm. The sensor may be designed for measuring by means of electromagnetic radiation in the near-infrared range, as approximately 780 nm to 3 μm. The sensor can be set up for measurement by means of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range and in the near-infrared range. The sensor may be configured to perform an optical analysis process.
In one embodiment, the device comprises a sensor configured to emit electromagnetic radiation and to detect electromagnetic radiation. The wavelength range of the emissive radiation may be within the wavelength range of the detectable radiation, for example when the sensor is an absorption spectroscopic sensor. In other cases, the wavelength range of the emissive radiation may be outside the wavelength range of the detected radiation, for example when the sensor is a fluorescence spectroscopic sensor or when it is a Raman sensor.
The sensor may comprise a light guide for irradiating the water, which has been recorded in the accumulation body, with electromagnetic radiation, in particular with optical radiation. For example, one end (outlet end) of the light guide may be in contact with the accumulation body, for example, brought up to it, or even be disposed within the accumulation body, for example so that the end is surrounded by the accumulation body, in particular embedded in the accumulation body is. The light guide may be, for example, a glass rod or a quartz rod or a glass fiber or a glass fiber bundle. The light guide can have an outer layer, which favors the light conduction by reflection or by total reflection.
For receiving electromagnetic radiation to be detected, the same optical fiber can be used, for example, when measured in reflection or when electromagnetic radiation of another wavelength range is excited and detected. Or the sensor may have a further optical fiber, for example, if it is measured by absorption spectroscopy.
Spectroscopic measurement methods may have the advantage that they allow a fingerprint-like detection of certain substances, for example atoms, ions or molecules. And spectroscopic measurement methods can also provide quantitative results so that, for example, after appropriate calibration, quantitative results regarding a phosphate content or content of a particular crop protection agent, etc. (as described herein) of a subject matter such as a soil or other plant growth substrate can be obtained.
By means of spectroscopic measurement methods it is also possible to carry out a moisture measurement of the investigated substance mixture. For example, an intensity of a signal due to the accumulation body relative to an intensity of a signal due to water, such as a signal characteristic of a particular molecular vibration of the water molecule (H2O), may be evaluated as a measure of a water content of the accumulation body and from this can be concluded on a water content of the investigated mixture of substances.
In some embodiments, for example, as described above, characteristics of the water taken up in the accumulation body are determined directly on the water itself, especially while it is in the accumulation body, and also the sensor for measuring by means of optical radiation (be it infrared, optical or ultraviolet or radiation in a combination of regions), for example as described above. In particular, for example, the probe may be a spectroscopic probe, such as a probe for infrared spectroscopy. Such embodiments can enable in situ a quantitative determination of ingredients of the water, moreover relatively quickly and also very durable (low maintenance).
In one embodiment, the device comprises a sensor for determining a temperature of the water received in the accumulation body and a sensor for determining a moisture of the accumulation body (corresponding to a water concentration in the accumulation body) and a sensor for determining a further property of the water, in particular a property concerning the chemical composition of the water, for example pH value, electrical conductivity, specific and / or general ion concentration and / or other properties mentioned herein. In this case, the first two sensors may be identical, for example in the form of a heat pulse sensor, which is suitable on the one hand for temperature measurement and on the other hand for determining temporal progression of heating and / or cooling processes is suitable - for anyway (at least relative) temperature measurements be performed.
Results of the third-mentioned probe may optionally be correctable using the measurement results of the other two probes. Such corrections can allow much more accurate results. For example, results of conductivity measurements (but also of the other measurements) are usually strongly temperature-dependent and also often strongly dependent on how strongly the accumulation body is soaked in water. For example: the more (ion-containing, electrically conductive) water is present in the accumulation body, the less an influence of the material of the accumulation body contributes to the measurement result.
The third sensor may, for example, be a spectroscopic sensor having at least one optical fiber, for example, as described above. For example, the spectroscopic sensor may emit and / or detect in the visible range, or may emit and / or detect, for example, in the near infrared (about 700 nm wavelength to about 2500 nm). Together with the conductivity sensor as well as the moisture sensor and the (possibly integrated therein) temperature sensor, the device can allow relatively extensive examinations of the water absorbed in the accumulation body and thus of the water-containing substance mixture.
One of the probes may have an emitter for electromagnetic radiation.
One of the probes may include an electromagnetic radiation detector.
One of the probes may be disposed within the accumulation body such that the probe is in direct contact with the accumulation body.
One of the probes may be embedded in the accumulation body.
One of the probes may be disposed within the accumulation body so that the probe does not touch the accumulation body.
One of the sensors may be arranged inside the accumulation body such that the accumulation body does not or only slightly influences a measurement of the sensor. For example, a minor influence of the measured value may be an influence that does not change the measured value by more than 10%.
The material of the accumulation body, in particular the material of an inner region of the accumulation body, may be designed such that it does not or only slightly influences the measurement by the measuring sensors. For example, felts (made of natural and / or synthetic fibers) may have this property.
[0130] The invention further relates to a combination comprising one of the devices described above and an evaluation unit for evaluating properties determined by the device, in particular for the evaluation of data determined by the device, such as measured values.
The evaluation unit can be set up to conclude from data obtained by means of the at least one measuring sensor of the water received in the accumulation body on a property of the substance mixture. Such a property of the substance mixture can be, for example: an ion concentration; a summary ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; a mineral concentration, in particular a mineral ion concentration; - a plant protection product concentration, in particular a plant protection agent concentration; a concentration of water soluble plant protection ingredients, especially plant protection ingredients; - a fertilizer concentration; a concentration of metal-organic compounds; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant for the agricultural industry, in particular for crop production, comprising at least one of the elements N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn , Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of H2PO4 ~, HPO42_, POt3-, NH /, nitrates (e.g., NO3 "), nitrites, K +, sulfates (e.g., SO42-), Na +, CI"; a trace element concentration, such as Cr, Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Zn or their ions; a salt concentration, such as NaCl, CaCl 2, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 or their ions; a heavy metal concentration, e.g. from Pb, Cd, Pu, Hg, TI; an electrical conductivity; and / or - a pH.
The evaluation unit may be configured to deduce a characteristic of the substance mixture from measured values of two or more measuring sensors. For example, the evaluation unit may be configured to correct a variable detected by a sensor by a correction quantity detected by another sensor, e.g. to normalize.
The evaluation unit can be set up to conclude from data determined by the device on a property of the substance mixture which is different from temperature.
The evaluation unit can be set up to close data determined by the device on a property of the substance mixture which is different from a water content.
The evaluation unit can be set up to take account of calibration data during the evaluation.
The evaluation unit can be set up to take account of preset stored data during the evaluation.
The evaluation unit may be configured to evaluate data of an optical analysis method.
The evaluation unit can be set up to evaluate data of an electro-magnetic analysis method.
The evaluation unit may be configured to evaluate data of an electromagnetic radiation-based analysis method.
The evaluation unit should be set up to evaluate data of a spectroscopic analysis method.
The evaluation unit can be connected to the device via cable.
The evaluation unit may be wirelessly connected to the device, for example via a radio link.
The combination comprising a device for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture and an evaluation unit may comprise means for the wireless transmission of data. In particular, the device may have a transmitter and the evaluation unit may have a receiver.
The combination comprising a device for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture and an evaluation unit can furthermore be operatively connected to a unit for carrying out a care step, in particular for the automatic performance of a care step, for a growth substrate. For example, the automatic execution of a care step can be triggered by an evaluation result of the evaluation unit.
In one embodiment, the grooming step comprises fertilizing the growth substrate.
In one embodiment, the care step includes rinsing the growth substrate. The rinsing care step may, for example, serve to regulate, in particular reduce, the salinity of the growth substrate.
The devices described above for the in situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture can also be devices for the in-situ determination of a nutrient content in a growth substrate.
The devices described above for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture may also be devices for the in-situ determination of a mineral concentration in a growth substrate.
The devices described above for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture can also be devices for the in-situ determination of an ion concentration of a growth substrate. The ion concentration may be, for example, one or more of the following concentrations: a total ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; - a mineral ion concentration; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant for the agricultural industry, in particular for crop production, comprising at least one of the elements N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn , Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42", PO43 ", NH4 +, nitrates (e.g., NO3"), nitrites, K +, sulfates (e.g., SO42 "), Na + and / or CI".
The devices described above for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture can also be devices for the in-situ determination of a salt content, in particular rock salt content, of a growth substrate.
In one embodiment, the device described above for the in situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture is a device for the in situ determination of a pH of a growth substrate.
A method for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture may comprise in particular: a first step in which an accumulation body for receiving water is brought into contact with the substance mixture and absorbs water from the substance mixture; and - a second step in which at least one property of the water received in the accumulation body is determined by means of one or more sensors disposed within the accumulation body.
The invention basically comprises methods having features that correspond to the features of described devices, and conversely, devices having features that correspond to the features of described methods, even if the features are explicitly mentioned only in connection with methods or with devices. The same applies to the uses described below.
The property determined by the probe may be a physical quantity of the water taken up in the accumulation body.
The property determined by the probe may be a chemical quantity of the water taken up in the accumulation body.
In one embodiment, the property is at least one non-temperature property of the water received in the accumulation body.
In one embodiment, the examination of the water-containing substance mixture is at least one property of the substance mixture which is different from a water content.
The determination may, for example, relate to at least one of the following properties of the water taken up in the accumulation body: an ion concentration; a summary ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; a mineral concentration, in particular a mineral ion concentration; - a fertilizer concentration; - a plant protection product concentration, in particular a plant protection agent concentration; a concentration of water soluble plant protection ingredients, especially plant protection ingredients; a concentration of metal-organic compounds; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant for the agricultural industry, in particular for crop production, comprising at least one of the elements N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn , Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42", PO43 ", NH4 +, nitrates (e.g., NO3"), nitrites, K +, sulfates (e.g., SO42 "), Na + and / or CI"; a trace element concentration, such as Cr, Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Zn or their ions; a salt concentration, such as NaCl, CaCl 2, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 or their ions; a heavy metal concentration, e.g. of Pb, Cd, Pu, Hg, TI or their ions; an electrical conductivity; and / or - a pH.
The first step may comprise embedding the accumulation body, in particular with one or more sensors arranged therein, in a water-containing substance mixture formed as a growth substrate for plants, for example in a soil.
In particular, the first step may include embedding one of the devices described herein in such a growth substrate.
A device described herein for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture or a combination thereof with an evaluation unit can be set up or used for carrying out a method described herein for the in situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture.
The described methods can be part of a method for the care of plants growing on a growth substrate. Such a method for the care of plants growing on a growth substrate may comprise: an examination of a water-containing substance mixture formed as a growth substrate for plants according to one of the previously described methods for the in situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture; and - thereafter, depending on a result of the examination, a care step is performed.
The grooming step may include fertilizing the growth substrate.
The described methods can be part of a method for the care of plants growing on a growth substrate. Such a method for the care of plants growing on a growth substrate may comprise: an examination of a water-containing substance mixture formed as a growth substrate for plants according to one of the methods described herein for the in situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture; and - thereafter, performing a care step depending on a result of the examination, such as a measured fertilizer content.
The grooming step may include, for example, fertilizing the growth substrate.
The care step may comprise rinsing the growth substrate, in particular wherein the rinsing is suitable for the regulation, in particular reduction, of the salt content, for example of the rock salt content (NaCl), of the growth substrate.
In a variant, the care step can be automatically triggered and / or performed depending on the result of the examination.
In one embodiment, a parameter of the care step is selected depending on the result of the examination, for example set automatically. For example, an amount of added fertilizer can be selected depending on how much fertilizer has been detected by means of the examination method and / or by means of the device in the water absorbed in the accumulation body.
The method of culturing plants growing on a growth substrate may comprise the use of a previously described apparatus for in situ assay of a hydrous substance mixture or a combination thereof described above with an evaluation unit.
We further describe the use of an accumulation body, which is suitable for receiving water of a water-containing substance mixture, for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture, wherein in the investigation of one or more disposed within the accumulation body sensor has a property of within the accumulation body absorbed water is determined. This use may, for example, relate to the accumulation bodies described herein.
The property may relate to at least one non-temperature property of the water received within the accumulation body.
The examination may relate to at least one property of the substance mixture which is different from a water content of the substance mixture.
The examination comprises at least one of the properties and / or sizes already described.
A capacity and / or an absorbency of the accumulation body can be selected depending on the purpose and / or place of use.
The material of the accumulation body can be adjusted depending on the purpose and / or place of use. For example, the accumulation body could comprise a fibrous material and the fiber density adjusted according to the purpose and / or location of use.
In an agricultural scenario, the accumulation body can be selected depending on the nature of the water-containing substance or growth substrate: For very moist growth substrates, a low-accumulation accumulation body can be used; for drier growth substrates, a more absorbent absorbent body can be used.
The above-described devices and methods may be configured such that the accumulation body is stationary during the intake of the water and during the determination of the at least one property of the ingested water (by means of the at least one sensor disposed within the accumulation body) and in the intervening time remains. Such devices and methods may thus be "in-situ" in the sense that the water is examined at the same location where it was also taken up in the accumulation body. And they may also be "in-situ" in the sense that the water is in direct contact with the hydrous substance mixture during the determination of the at least one property of the ingested water (by means of the at least one sensor disposed within the accumulation body) and / or with this in a dynamic balance of water exchange stands. In such embodiments, a continuous or quasi-continuous (timely repeated) determination of the properties of the water may take place. And automation of the process can be realized relatively easily. In addition, downstream processes such as maintenance steps can be linked relatively easily in an automated manner.
However, the devices and methods described above may also be "in situ" in a somewhat less narrow sense. In such embodiments, for example, the accumulation body or part of the accumulation body may be moved between receiving the water and determining the at least one property of the ingested water within the device. For example, the device may comprise a displacement device by means of which the accumulation body or part of the accumulation body is movable within the device. For example, the accumulation body or said part of the accumulation body may be brought from a first position, in which it receives the water, to a second position, in which the determination of the at least one property of the absorbed water takes place. The displacement device may also be adapted to bring the accumulation body or the part thereof from the second position back to the first position. Then, for example, one and the same accumulation body can be used for a plurality of successive measurements.
The shifter can be operated automatically. For example, the device may include a motor, such as an electric motor, and an energy storage, such as a rechargeable battery, for powering the motor. The movement from the first to the second position (and possibly also the movement from the second position to the first position) may take place, for example, due to switching signals given manually or due to automatically generated switching signals, for example such that the Determinations of at least one property of the absorbed water take place at predetermined times.
In some embodiments, the shifting device is manually operable. This can result in lower energy consumption as well as a simplified construction of the device. For example, to determine the at least one property of the collected water, a portion of the apparatus, such as at least one of the probes, may be brought to and attached to that portion of the apparatus that includes the accumulation body. The accumulation body (or the said part thereof) is, as mentioned, for example manually, brought into the second position, and at least by means of the sensor thus connected, the at least one property of the water is determined (as described). Such a procedure can be used, for example, when the said connected measuring sensor is large and / or heavy and / or expensive.
In principle, the displacement device may, for example, comprise a holding portion for holding the accumulation body (or the said part of the accumulation body) and a rod body connected thereto. In one embodiment, the device comprises a hollow body, for example a tube, and by axial displacement of the rod body within the hollow body, the holding portion and with this also the accumulation body (or the part thereof) is displaced within the hollow body. The first position may be located, for example, at one end of the hollow body and the second position at an opposite end of the hollow body or in a central region between the two ends of the hollow body.
In a second aspect of the invention, the determination of the at least one property of the collected water does not have to take place in the true sense "in situ". For example, it may take place at a later time and / or at a different location. In a method for analyzing a water-containing substance mixture according to the second aspect, an accumulation body for receiving water in a first step is brought into contact with the mixture of substances and absorbs water from the mixture. In a second step, at least one property of the water, which was taken up by the accumulation body in the first step, is determined by means of at least one sensor. For the accumulation body (and also for the substance mixture as well as for the mentioned property of the water), the information given in this document naturally applies. Thus, for example, it may comprise a hygroscopic material and may even consist of more than 90% by weight of a hygroscopic material (in the dry state). And the hygroscopic material may for example consist of fibers and / or be a felt. And the accumulation body can serve to attract by capillary force water from the adjacent water-containing mixture. In particular, the water-containing composition may be a growth substrate for plants, for example a naturally grown soil and / or any other agricultural substrate such as e.g. to be a nutrient solution. And said property of the water may relate to its chemical composition, in particular a fertilizer content and / or a plant nutrient content and / or a pesticide content of the water.
Accordingly, the second aspect may also include a use, namely, use of an accumulation body (for example, having the characteristics described herein) for receiving water from a substance mixture to be investigated (for example, with the properties described herein), with which the accumulation body is brought into contact, wherein at least one property of the water is determined by means of at least one sensor, in particular a property relating to the chemical composition of the water. From the specific properties of the water can then be closed on properties of the mixture, for example, on its chemical composition.
In some embodiments, the water from which the at least one probe is determined by the at least one probe is (still) in the accumulation body during the determination. For example, then also the at least one sensor may be disposed within the accumulation body (as described for the first aspect of the invention).
In other embodiments, however, the water from which the at least one sensor is determined by means of the at least one sensor is no longer in the accumulation body during the determination. It may, for example, be pressed out of the accumulation body (or of a part of the accumulation body). In this way, influences that the accumulation body can have on the measurements by means of the measuring probe can be minimized and / or calibration processes for eliminating influences of the accumulation body can be eliminated or simplified. And depending on the type of sensor (s), measurements can be simplified or made possible. For example, in the case of spectroscopic studies, absorption and emission measurements can be simplified and / or have better signal-to-noise ratios, for example because there is no scattering on the accumulation body.
The accumulation body may have the above-described filter property. As a result, the water taken up in it can be free or at least largely freed from suspended particles, which can often severely impede measurements. In particular, for the determination of the properties by means of the at least one measuring sensor, water can be examined from the inner region described above. Respectively. it can be examined such water, which is present in a region ("clean" area) of the accumulation body, which is different from areas, in particular removed, in which the accumulation body was in contact with the mixture of substances; or water originating from such "clean" areas can be investigated. Suspended particles and similar contaminants remain in a thin outer layer or in the outer region of the accumulation body, adjacent to outer surfaces in which the accumulation body was in contact with the substance mixture.
The accumulation body may, as already mentioned above in connection with the displacement device, be multi-part, in particular two parts. The parts can be separated from each other. For example, while receiving the water from the mixture, a first part of the accumulation body may be in direct contact with the mixture, while a second part is not in contact with the mixture, but is in direct contact with the first part. Thus, the first part may have the described filter function and suck the water from the mixture and absorb, but also give a part of the recorded (and therefore filtered) water to the second part of the accumulation body. During water uptake, the second part via the first part with the mixture of substances can be in a dynamic equilibrium of water exchange. In this way, the second part may be protected from solid contamination by the substance mixture. Accordingly, properties of the water taken up in the second part, in particular its chemical composition, can be determined without solid contaminants making the measurements more difficult. With respect to the materials constituting the parts of the accumulation body, the same thing as that generally described above for the accumulation body may apply. The parts of the accumulation body may be similar in terms of material or else formed differently.
The property determinations are made in some embodiments while the water is still in the second part of the accumulation body. This can simplify the determination of absolute values (for example ion concentrations in the mixture of substances). In this case, a measuring sensor during the measurement in the accumulation body (more precisely, in the second part) may be arranged and possibly initially introduced into this. On the other hand, it is also possible to proceed in such a way that the water is separated from the accumulation body (more precisely, from its second part), for example by pressing out the second part, and then examined by means of at least one measuring probe. As a result, influences of material that make up the accumulation body (more precisely its second part) can be minimized to the measurements.
If the water is no longer in the accumulation body, while the at least one property is determined by means of the at least one sensor, it may nevertheless be possible to determine moisture values and to determine absolute concentrations of ingredients of the mixture. For example, the amount of water present in the accumulation body (or in a part of the accumulation body) may be determined, for example, by extracting the water from the accumulation body (or from a part of the accumulation body) and determining the amount or volume of the extracted water , For example, the accumulation body (or a part of the accumulation body) can be pressed out, in particular in a reproducible manner.
If the accumulation body does not remain in the device during the measurements, this may favor the use of expensive analysis methods or expensive and / or large measuring sensors.
Further embodiments and advantages emerge from the dependent claims and the figures.
In the following, the subject invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments and the accompanying drawings. They show schematically:
1 shows a device for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture with a probe,
2 shows a device for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture with two sensors,
3 shows a device for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture with three sensors,
4 shows a device for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture with an outer region that differs from an inner region in at least one material property.
5 shows a device for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture with three sensors,
Fig. 6 shows a combination of a previously shown device with an evaluation unit, which are wirelessly connected to each other.
Basically, the same or equivalent parts are provided with the same or similar reference numerals in the figures. For the understanding of the invention non-essential parts are not shown in part. The described embodiments are exemplary of the subject invention or serve its explanation and have no limiting effect.
The alternatives listed above and below and / or additional features are optional and can be combined as desired with one another and with the exemplary embodiments shown in the other description.
Fig. 1 shows in cross section a device 1 for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture 2. The device comprises: - an accumulation body 10 for receiving water of the substance mixture; and at least one sensor 20 arranged inside the accumulation body 10 for determining a property of the water received in the accumulation body 10.
In the example shown, only one sensor 20 is shown. The device 1 is shown embedded in a water-containing substance mixture 2. Such a hydrous substance mixture 2 may be, for example, a growth substrate for plants.
The accumulation body 10 is formed so that water from the hydrous substance mixture 2 can be accommodated therein. For example, the accumulation body 10 may be formed hygroscopic. He may be trained to bind moisture from the environment.
The sensor 20 is arranged so that it can determine a property of the water accommodated in the accumulation body 10. From the detected property of the water absorbed in the accumulation body, a property of the water-containing substance mixture 2 can be deduced.
An interesting application of the device 1 is the measurement of physical and / or chemical properties of growth substrates for plants, e.g. the nutrient or salinity of the growth substrate. Agricultural growth substrates are often inhomogeneous, which makes analysis, and particularly in situ analysis, difficult. The apparatus 1 described makes it possible to examine the growth substrate in situ in a relatively simple manner by taking water from the growth substrate in the accumulation body 10 and examining it by means of one or more measuring probes 20. The knowledge of the substances dissolved in the water allow conclusions about the state of the growth substrate. These in situ collected data allow to determine optimal times for maintenance steps such as fertilizing or rinsing the growth substrate. There is no delay due to sampling and subsequent examination of the sample far away from the measuring point. In an automated context, it may allow the device 1 to automatically perform such a care step.
FIG. 2 shows a further embodiment of the invention. It largely corresponds to the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, but that the device 1 comprises two measuring sensors 20 in the example shown here.
Two probes 20 may allow to detect two different magnitudes. As a result, it may be possible to determine two properties of the water received in the accumulation body 10. For example, the two properties may be output as independent properties and / or combined for closure to another property. Another possibility is that a first detected property is used to correct a second detected property. For example, if a generally temperature-dependent quantity is measured, e.g. the electrical conductivity of the water, the temperature of the water can additionally be determined, so that a correct (temperature-corrected) value of the size, for example a correct (temperature-corrected) electrical conductivity, can be determined by combining the measured values.
FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention. It largely corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, but that the device 1 comprises three measuring sensors 20 in the example shown here.
FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the invention. It largely corresponds to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 (with one or more sensors). In the example shown in FIG. 4, the accumulation body 10 has an outer region 11 and an inner region 12, wherein the outer region 11 surrounds the inner region 12.
The two regions can have different material properties. For example, the outer region 11 may have a higher material density. Thereby, the outer region 11 can be arranged to filter water entering the accumulation body 10, whereby, for example, suspended particles can be filtered out of the water before the water reaches the measuring sensors 20.
FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of the invention. It largely corresponds to the embodiment shown in Fig. 3.
Also in the example shown in Fig. 5, the device 1 comprises three sensors 20: a first sensor having a pair of electrodes 21, a second sensor comprising an ion-sensitive sensor ion-sensitive sensor 24, and a third sensor a temperature sensor 23.
The electrode pair 21 may be configured to measure an electrical conductivity of the water received in the accumulation body. As a result, it is possible, for example, to deduce a (summed) ion concentration in the water.
The conductivity measurement can be carried out, for example, by conductometry, or by means of FDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) or by means of TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry).
The ion-sensitive probe 24 may be formed, for example, as an ion-sensitive field effect transistor (ISFET) and configured to measure the nitrogen ion concentration in the water.
Both the measurement of the electrical conductivity and the measurement by means of the ion-sensitive probe 24 can provide results that depend on the temperature of the water. Temperature measurement by the third sensor makes it possible to determine the temperature of the water at the location of the measurement and thereby correct the results of the other measurements, for example by means of appropriate calibrations.
FIG. 6 shows a combination of one of the previously described devices 1 and an evaluation unit 30, which is designed to evaluate data from the device 1. The device 1 and the evaluation unit 30 are connected by means 40 for the wireless transmission of data (for example by two transponders). In principle, other compounds such as e.g. a wired connection possible.
The evaluation unit 30 can be set up to conclude properties of the water-containing substance mixture from properties which were detected by means of the measuring sensors 20 of the device 1.
In turn, the evaluation unit 30 may again be in contact with another unit 50, for example for transmitting evaluation results or data derived therefrom. The unit 50 may, depending on the evaluation results, control certain processes, for example, set in motion. For example, unit 50 may be used to perform care.
In an agricultural scenario, the evaluation unit 30 may, for example, be in contact with an automatic fertilizer unit and encourage it to detect a nutrient deficiency for automatic fertilization of the agricultural growth substrate. Based on the evaluated results (from evaluation unit 30), a composition of the fertilizer can be adapted precisely to the (actual) needs of the growth substrate or the plants growing thereon. The use of several devices 1 may make it possible to detect a local distribution of nutrient requirements and to adjust the fertilization locally.

权利要求:
Claims (76)
[1]
1. A device (1) for in situ determination of a plant nutrient content of a hydrous growth substrate (2) for plants, comprising - an accumulation body (10) for receiving water of the growth substrate (2); and one or more probes (20) disposed within the accumulation body (10) for determining a property of the water received in the accumulation body (10), the property relating to a plant nutrient content of the water received in the accumulation body (10), in particular the property a plant nutrient content of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10).
[2]
2. Device (1) according to claim 1, which has at least two inside the accumulation body (10) arranged sensor (20), one of which is a sensor (20) for determining an ion concentration of the in the accumulation body (10) recorded water and a another is a sensor (20) for determining a temperature of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10), in particular wherein the ion concentration is a nutrient ion concentration.
[3]
Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the accumulation body (10) consists of more than 80% by weight of a fibrous hygroscopic material, in particular wherein the fibrous hygroscopic material is felt.
[4]
4. Combination comprising an evaluation unit (30) for evaluating data and a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, which has at least a first and a second measuring sensor (20) within the accumulation body (10), wherein the evaluation unit (30) adapted to use data, which are determined by the first sensor (20), for correcting data, which are determined by the second sensor (20), in particular to close by means of the corrected data on a plant nutrient content of the growth substrate.
[5]
5. Device (1) for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture (2), comprising - an accumulation body (10) for receiving water of the substance mixture; and one or more sensors (20) disposed within the accumulation body (10) for determining a property of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[6]
The apparatus (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the property is a property different from a temperature of the water accommodated in the accumulation body (10).
[7]
7. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the examination relates to at least one of a water content of the mixture (2) different size.
[8]
8. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the accumulation body (10) comprises a hygroscopic material, in particular wherein the hygroscopic material is felt.
[9]
9. Device (1) according to claim 8, wherein the accumulation body (10) to more than 50 weight percent, in particular more than 90 weight percent, in particular completely, consists of the hygroscopic material.
[10]
10. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the accumulation body (10) has an outer region (11) and an inner region (12), wherein the outer region (11) surrounds the inner region (12), and the outer region (11) has different material properties than the inner region (12).
[11]
11. Device (1) according to claim 10, wherein the outer region (11) is adapted to be brought into contact with the water-containing substance mixture (2).
[12]
12. Device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 11, wherein the outer region (11) consists of a different material than the inner region (12).
[13]
13. Device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 12, wherein the outer region (11) has a different material density than the inner region (12), in particular wherein the outer region (11) and the inner region (12) of the same material, but have different material densities.
[14]
14. Device (1) according to one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the outer region (11) has a filter property for filtering ingress of water.
[15]
15. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the accumulation body (10) has an absorbent body.
[16]
16. Device (1) according to claim 15, wherein the absorbent body has a volume of less than 1 cm3.
[17]
17. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein within the accumulation body (10) two, three, four or more sensors (20) are arranged.
[18]
18. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) is adapted to measure an ion concentration of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[19]
A device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the probes (20) is arranged to measure a total ion concentration of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[20]
20. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) is adapted to measure a concentration of nitrogen-containing ions of the water accommodated in the accumulation body (10).
[21]
A device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the probes (20) is arranged to measure a concentration of potassium ions of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10).
[22]
22. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) for measuring a concentration of phosphorus-containing ions of the accumulation in the body (10) recorded water is set up.
[23]
23. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) is arranged for measuring a concentration of manganese-containing ions of the water accommodated in the accumulation body (10).
[24]
A device (1) according to any preceding claim, wherein at least one of the probes (20) is adapted to measure a concentration of copper ions of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10).
[25]
A device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the probes (20) is adapted to measure a concentration of zinc ions of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10).
[26]
26. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring probes (20) is adapted to measure a rock salt concentration of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[27]
A device (1) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the probes (20) is adapted to measure a trace element concentration of the water taken up in the accumulation body (10).
[28]
28. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring probes (20) is arranged to measure an electrical conductivity of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[29]
29. Device according to claim 1, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors has an electrode.
[30]
30. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (1) has a pair of electrodes.
[31]
31. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) is adapted to measure a pH of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[32]
32. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) is designed as an ion-sensitive measuring sensor (20, 24), in particular wherein the at least one measuring sensor (20) is designed as an ion-sensitive field effect transistor.
[33]
33. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) as - ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of nitrogen-containing ions, in particular for measuring a concentration of NH4 +, nitrates and / or nitrites; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of potassium-containing ions, in particular for measuring a concentration of K +; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of phosphorus-containing ions, in particular for measuring a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42_ and / or PO43-; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of sulfate-containing ions, in particular for measuring a concentration of SO42-; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of manganese ions; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of copper-containing ions; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of zinc-containing ions; - ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of sodium ions; - Ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of chloride containing ions; and / or - ion-sensitive probe for measuring a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42_, PO43, NH4 +, nitrate, nitrite, K +, sulfate, Na + and / or CF is formed.
[34]
34. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) has a sensor for measuring by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular a spectrometer.
[35]
35. Device (1) according to claim 34, wherein the sensor is arranged for measurement by means of electromagnetic radiation in the visible range.
[36]
36. Device (1) according to one of claims 34 to 35, wherein the sensor for measuring by means of electromagnetic radiation in the near-infrared region is set up.
[37]
37. Device (1) according to one of claims 34 to 36, wherein at least one of the measuring sensors (20) has an emitter and / or a detector for electromagnetic radiation.
[38]
38. Device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the device (1) has at least two in the accumulation body (10) arranged sensor (20), of which a first sensor (20) is adapted to detect a correction variable, which suitable is to correct a detected by a second sensor (20) size, in particular to normalize.
[39]
39. Device (1) according to claim 38, wherein the first measuring sensor (20) is adapted to detect a temperature of the water received in the accumulation body (10), in particular wherein the first measuring sensor (20) has an NTC resistor and / or PTC resistor has.
[40]
40. Device (1) according to one of claims 38 to 39, wherein the first measuring sensor (20) is adapted to detect a water content of the substance mixture (2).
[41]
41. Device (1) according to one of claims 38 to 40, wherein the first measuring sensor (20) is adapted to detect a quantity of the water received in the accumulation body (10), in particular wherein first measuring sensors (20) have a heat pulse Sensor (23).
[42]
42. Combination comprising a device (1) according to one of the preceding claims and an evaluation unit (30) for evaluating data.
[43]
43. The combination as claimed in claim 42, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is configured to evaluate data which has been determined by means of the at least one sensor, in particular wherein the evaluation unit (30) is adapted from data determined by means of the device (1) in the accumulation body (10) absorbed water on a property of the substance mixture (2) to close.
[44]
44. A combination according to claim 43, wherein the property of the substance mixture (2) is at least one of the following: - an ion concentration; a summary ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; a mineral concentration, in particular a mineral ion concentration; - a fertilizer concentration; - a plant protection product concentration, in particular a plant protection agent concentration; a concentration of water soluble plant protection ingredients, especially plant protection ingredients; a concentration of metal-organic compounds; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to the agricultural industry, in particular for crop production, comprising one of the elements N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn, Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42", PO43 ", NH4 +, nitrates (e.g., NO3"), nitrites, K +, sulfates (e.g., SO42 "), Na + and / or CI"; a trace element concentration, such as Cr, Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Zn or their ions; a salt concentration, such as NaCl, CaCl 2, NaHCO 3, Na 2 CO 3 or their ions; a heavy metal concentration, e.g. of Pb, Cd, Pu, Mg, TI or their ions; an electrical conductivity; and / or - a pH.
[45]
45. Combination according to one of claims 42 to 44, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is adapted to conclude from measured values of two or more sensors (20) on a property of the substance mixture (2).
[46]
46. A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 45, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is adapted, by means of the data determined by the device (1) on a physical property different from a temperature and / or on a chemical property of the substance mixture (2 ) close.
[47]
47. A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 46, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is adapted, by means of the device (1) determined data on a, different from a water content physical property and / or on a chemical property of the substance mixture (2 ) close.
[48]
48. A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 47, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is adapted to account for calibration data in the evaluation.
[49]
49. A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 48, wherein the evaluation unit (30) is adapted to take into account in the evaluation preset stored data.
[50]
50. A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 49, wherein the evaluation unit (30) outside the accumulation body (10) is arranged.
[51]
51. The combination according to claim 42, wherein the combination comprises means for the wireless transmission of data from the device to the evaluation unit, in particular means for wireless communication between the device and the evaluation unit ).
[52]
52. A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 51, wherein the combination comprises a unit for performing a growth substrate maintenance step.
[53]
53. A combination according to claim 52, wherein the unit is adapted to automatically perform a care step and the automatic execution of the care step is triggered in response to a result of the investigation.
[54]
54. A combination according to any one of claims 52 to 53, wherein the unit is arranged to adjust at least one parameter of the grooming step depending on a result of the examination.
[55]
55. A combination according to any one of claims 52 to 54, wherein the grooming step comprises fertilizing the growth substrate.
[56]
56. A combination according to any one of claims 52 to 55, wherein the care step comprises rinsing the growth substrate, in particular for reducing a salt content of the growth substrate.
[57]
57. Device for the in-situ determination of an ion concentration of a growth medium for plants formed as a water-containing substance mixture (2), comprising a device (1) for in-situ examination of a hydrous substance mixture (2) according to any one of claims 5 to 41 or a combination according to any one of claims 42 to 56.
[58]
58. Device for the in situ determination of a salt content of a water-containing substance mixture (2) designed as a growth substrate for plants, comprising a device (1) for the in situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture (2) according to one of claims 5 to 41 or a combination according to any one of claims 42 to 56.
[59]
59. Device for the in-situ determination of a pH of a water-containing substance mixture (2) designed as a growth substrate for plants, comprising a device (1) for the in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture (2) according to one of claims 5 to 41 or A combination according to any one of claims 42 to 56.
[60]
60. A method for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture (2), comprising a first step in which an accumulation body (10) for receiving water with the mixture (2) is brought into contact and absorbs water from the mixture (2) ; and a second step in which at least one characteristic of the water received in the accumulation body (10) is determined by means of at least one sensor (20) arranged inside the accumulation body (10).
[61]
61. The method according to claim 60, wherein the determined property relates to a physical size and / or chemical size of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[62]
62. Method according to claim 60, comprising a third step, in which at least one physical variable and / or chemical quantity of the water-containing substance mixture (2) is calculated from the measured data of the at least one measuring probe.
[63]
63. A method according to any one of claims 60 to 62, wherein the determination relates to at least one non-temperature characteristic of the water received in the accumulation body (10).
[64]
64. A method according to any one of claims 60 to 63, wherein the investigation relates to at least one of water content different property of the mixture (2).
[65]
65. A method according to any one of claims 60 to 64, wherein the determination relates to at least one of the following properties of the water received in the accumulation body (10): - an ion concentration; a summary ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; a mineral concentration, in particular a mineral ion concentration; - a fertilizer concentration; - a plant protection product concentration, in particular a plant protection agent concentration; a concentration of water soluble plant protection ingredients, especially plant protection ingredients; a concentration of metal-organic compounds; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant for the agricultural industry, in particular for crop production, comprising at least one of the elements N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn , Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of H2PO4 ", HPO42", PO43 ", NH4 +, nitrates (e.g., NO3"), nitrites, K +, sulfates (e.g., SO42 "), Na + and / or CI"; a trace element concentration, such as Cr, Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Zn or their ions; a salt concentration, such as NaCl, CaCl 2, NaHCO 3, Na 2 O 3 or their ions; a heavy metal concentration, e.g. Pb, Cd, Pu, Hg, Ti; an electrical conductivity; and / or - a pH.
[66]
66. The method according to any one of claims 60 to 65, wherein the first step comprises embedding an accumulation body (10) with sensors (20) arranged therein into the water-containing substance mixture (2) to be examined.
[67]
67. Method for the care of plants growing on a water-containing substance mixture (2) formed as a growth substrate, wherein according to a method according to one of claims 60 to 66 the growth substrate is examined and then a care step is carried out depending on a result of the examination.
[68]
68. The method of claim 67, wherein the grooming step comprises fertilizing the growth substrate.
[69]
69. A method according to any one of claims 67 to 68, wherein the care step comprises rinsing the growth substrate, in particular wherein the rinsing is suitable for washing out salt from the growth substrate.
[70]
70. A method according to any one of claims 67 to 69, wherein the care step is automatically initiated and a time of triggering is automatically selected in response to a result of the examination.
[71]
71. The method according to any one of claims 67 to 70, wherein at least one parameter of the care step is set depending on a result of the examination, in particular automatically.
[72]
72. Use of an accumulation body (10), which is suitable for receiving water of a water-containing substance mixture (2), for in-situ examination of a water-containing substance mixture (2), wherein in the investigation of one or more within the accumulation body (10) arranged Measuring sensors (20) a property of within the accumulation body (10) recorded water is determined.
[73]
73. Use according to claim 72, wherein the property relates to at least one non-temperature property of the water received within the accumulation body (10).
[74]
74. Use according to one of claims 72 to 73, wherein the examination relates to at least one property of the substance mixture (2) different from a water content.
[75]
75. Use according to any one of claims 72 to 74, wherein the examination relates to at least one of the following properties of the substance mixture (2): - an ion concentration; a summary ion concentration; - a plant nutrient ion concentration; a nutrient ion concentration; a mineral concentration, in particular a mineral ion concentration; - a fertilizer concentration; - a plant protection product concentration, in particular a plant protection agent concentration; a concentration of water soluble plant protection ingredients, especially plant protection ingredients; a concentration of metal-organic compounds; - a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant to agriculture, in particular crop production; a concentration of chemical elements, ions and / or compounds relevant for the agricultural industry, in particular for crop production, comprising at least one of the elements N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Mo, Cu, Zn, Fe, B, Mn , Na, Cl, Co and / or Ni; a concentration of Η2ΡΟ4 ", HPO42", PO43 ", NH4 +, nitrates (e.g., NO3"), nitrites, K +, sulphates (e.g., SO42 "), Na + and / or CI"; a trace element concentration, such as Cr, Co, Fe, I, Cu, Mn, Mo, Se, Si, Zn or their ions; a salt concentration, such as NaCl, CaCl 2, NaHCO 3, Na 2 O 3 or their ions; a heavy metal concentration, e.g. from Pb, Cd, Pu. Hg, TI or their ions; an electrical conductivity; and / or - a pH.
[76]
76. Use of the device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, 5 to 41 or 57 to 59 or the combination according to one of claims 4 or 42 to 56 in a method according to any one of claims 60 to 71.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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CH712184A1|2017-09-15|

引用文献:

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公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题

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法律状态:
2020-08-31| AZW| Rejection (application)|

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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CH00847/17A|CH712184A1|2017-06-28|2017-06-28|Apparatus and method for in-situ investigation of the fertilizer content of plant growth substrates.|PCT/EP2018/067184| WO2019002337A1|2017-06-28|2018-06-27|Devices and methods for examining plant growth substrates|